Friday, June 30, 2017

Processed

MRI Shows Cancer Cells Thrive On Processed Sugar June 6, 2015 By Admin 0 581 hsahadhadad by Amanda Froelich Want to improve your health? Change your diet! This message is slowly permeating mainstream society, but has yet to convince fast-food lovers and sugary-treat fanatics. Largely unaware of food consequences, many still dive into high-fat, high-sugar food options without a second thought; but a recent study affirming that Cancer cells grow and thrive on processed sugar may change that. Nature Medicine recently confirmed that processed sugar is one of the primary driving forces behind the growth and spread of cancer tumors. The results were so conclusive, in fact, that future cancer screening may rely on scanning the body for accumulated sugar for signs of the disease. The University College London (UCL) in the U.K. made this discovery after experimenting with a new cancer detection method that involves utilizing a unique form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The scientists sensitized a MRI scanner to look specifically for glucose in the body, and it revealed that cancer tumors – which have been shown to feed off sugar – light up brightly as they contain high amounts of sugar. Explained by a recent UCL announcement, “The new technique, called ‘glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer’ (glucoCEST), is based on the fact that tumors consume much more glucose (a type of sugar) than normal, healthy tissues in order to sustain their growth.” On the update given by the university, it was noted that tumors appear as “bright images” on the scanner. When traditionally scanning for cancer, the use of low-dose radiation injections are used to identify the presence of tumors. This makes sense, as radiation is another known cause of cancer, but such an injection is not optimal due to its potential side effects. However, this method works because the things that trigger and promote cancer to develop and spread can also be used by doctors to detect it inside the body. And sugar can now officially be added to that list. “The method uses an injection of normal sugar and could offer a cheap, safe alternative to existing methods for detecting tumors, which require the injection of radioactive material,” says Dr. Simon Walker-Samuel, lead researcher of the study from the UCL Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI). WHAT OTHERS ARE READING What Happens When You Do Planks Every Day? 9 Ways To Lose Belly Fat When You're Crazy Busy Millionaire Mom from Manila Earns $645/hr from Home, Tells All Her Trick Bad Breath? They Are Parasites! Get Rid of Them in 7 Days! Paggamot Ng Barikos Sa Bahay Walang Mga Doktor at Pagtitistis! Resulta Sa 7 Araw Diabetes Breakthrough That Will Bankrupt Insulin Companies Natural System Regrows Your Hair Almost Overnight 50 Anyos Pero Gustong Magmukhang 20? Madali! Ipahid Ito Sa Mukha! Weight Loss For Lazy People! Lose 5 Kilos A Week - Guaranteed! Sponsored by Revcontent What may be most shocking, as reported by the study’s senior author, is that the amount of sugar in “half a standard sized chocolate bar” is all it takes to effectively identify the presence of tumors using the glucoCEST method. This finding is astounding, as it suggests that even relatively low amounts of sugar have the potential to promote cancer proliferation. UCL is not the first source to connect processed sugar with diseases like cancer. Dr. Robert H. Lustig, M.D. and Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology at the University of California, San Franciasco (UCSF), cites that the bulk of chronic illnesses prevalent today are caused by sugar consumption. Lustig is a famed author of “Sugar: The Bitter Truth”, and speaks openly in videos to describe his findings. The main culprits of deadening sugar include: white sugar and flour, sweetened and processed foods, and fast food. The way these break down in the body (compared to natural sources of fructose from fruit), is that they cause an increase of hormones to be released (specifically insulin), and in effect, signal for cancer cells to feed and continue to grow in size. Dr. Lewis Cantley, head of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) at Harvard University, shared during a CBS interview the sugar-cancer connection: “What we’re beginning to learn is that insulin can cause adverse effects in various tissues, and a particular concern is cancer.” He continued, “If you happen to have a tumor that has insulin receptors on it, then it will get stimulated to take up the glucose that’s in the bloodstream. So rather than going to the fat or to the muscle, the glucose now goes into the tumor, and the tumor uses it to grow.” These sources conclude and relay the importance of choosing wholesome, unprocessed, and predominantly plant-based foods to keep the body healthy, and the mind nourished. Start by adding more greens, vegetables and plant-based proteins, while decreasing the amount of processed foods you consume. The body truly is capable of healing itself, and the necessity to make such changes for it to happen is becoming increasingly evident. Article source: MDTMagazine Natural News Via bodymindsoulspirit.com A quick note from our founder- Over the past year, my friend Dave at PaleoHacks has been working on a secret cookbook with world-renowned Le Cordon Bleu chef Peter Servold. Well, today this new this new incredible Paleo Cookbook is finally available to be shipped right to your door for FREE That’s right — as a special launch promotion, we’re offering our brand new Paleo fat loss cookbook to you for free (Chef Pete lost 60 lbs using these recipes!) — All you have to do is just cover a small shipping cost (international shipping is a bit more). Get your FREE copy of Paleo Eats Here. (Grab this today, because we only ordered a small batch of these cookbooks for this freebie promotion, and they will sell out FAST!) –> Get The Free Cookbook

Health Hacks

Close Health Hacks about 5 months ago Here are six healthy reasons to drink more beer

Sunday, June 25, 2017

10 Must-Do Things To Maintain Male Sexual Health David Mandell Apr 25, 2017 by David Mandell 4 Min Read

0 What do you need help with? 10 Must-Do Things To Maintain Male Sexual Health David Mandell Apr 25, 2017 by David Mandell 4 Min Read 10.3k SHARES Share Pin It Tweet We ask a lot of the penis, but rarely spend time caring for its well-being. These 10 steps will help keep you sexually healthy for a long time. Maintain healthy weight and diet, reduce stress, exercise, avoid tobacco and alcohol, have an active sex life, maintain a healthy relationship with your partner, and get enough quality sleep. The penis is truly a remarkable organ. It is the only organ that can alter its shape, size, and constitution in a matter of nanoseconds. But without taking much care of it, we assume that it will continue to perform for us. Unfortunately, the penis’s ability to do its job is impacted by many health factors and, without care, it will become less effective with each passing decade. The good news is that you can maintain sexual health and a healthy functioning penis throughout your life. With a little work, you can even improve your sexual health and performance. Tips To Improve Male Sexual Health ADVERTISEMENT 1. Maintain A Healthy Weight Obesity literally steals your manhood and reduces testosterone levels in the body. Abdominal fat converts your male hormone testosterone to the female hormone estrogen. You are also more likely to have fatty plaque deposits, which clog up your blood vessels, from the artery to the penis, making it harder to get and maintain a good-quality erection. 2. Eat Smart Wholesome and natural foods prevent the build-up of harmful plaque deposits within your blood vessels that compromise blood flow to the penis. Poor dietary choices with meals that are calorie-laden and nutritionally empty create clogged arteries and greatly impact sexual function. 3. Minimize Stress Stress causes the release of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline narrows blood vessels, which negatively impacts erections. If you ever have experienced “performance anxiety,” it was mostly because of adrenaline release in response to nervousness. Excessive cortisol secretion, which helps drive your appetite, causes the accumulation of unhealthy belly fat. 4. Eliminate Tobacco In addition to causing cancer, tobacco narrows your blood vessels, impairs blood flow, decreases the supply of oxygen, and also promotes inflammation, compromising every organ in your body. 5. Consume Alcohol In Moderation In small amounts, alcohol can alleviate anxiety and act as a vasodilator (increases blood flow) and can actually improve erectile function. But in large amounts, it can be a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. 6. Sleep Well Sleeping has a vital restorative function as your brain and body requires this important down time. Sleep deprivation causes a disruption in endocrine, metabolic, and immune functions, resulting leptin levels (your appetite suppressant), increased ghrelin levels (your appetite stimulant), increased cortisol, and increased glucose levels (higher amounts of sugar in the bloodstream). If you are exhausted, your penis is going to be weary as well. 7. Exercise Regularly Exercise has a remarkable effect on sexual function. It reduces stress, improves your mood, prevents fatigue, and increases energy. In the long term, it will reduce the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, some cancers, osteoporosis, chronic medical problems, and physical disability. Exercise makes your heart a better and stronger pump, your blood vessels more elastic, and your muscles better able at using oxygen. Exercises that work out the muscles involved in sex – the core muscles, the external rotators of the hip, and the all important pelvic floor muscles – will improve your performance. 8. Strengthen Your Pelvic Floor Muscles The pelvic floor muscles play a vital role with respect to both erections and ejaculation. When you are sexually stimulated, the pelvic floor muscles activate and engage to maintain penile rigidity and a skyward-angling erection. These muscles are responsible not only for getting the stimulated penis from a tumescent state (plump with blood) to a state of bone-like rigidity but also for maintaining that rigid state and for being the “motor” of ejaculation. Numerous scientific studies have documented the benefits of pelvic exercises, known as “Kegels,” in the management of erectile dysfunction. 9. Stay Sexually Active Use your penis. You can help keep it in good shape by using it regularly. Scientific studies have clearly demonstrated that men who are more sexually active tend to have fewer problems with erectile dysfunction as they age. 10. Maintain A Healthy Relationship It takes two to tango, so relationship harmony factors strongly into good sexual functioning just as discord and interpersonal issues can profoundly contribute to ED. The mind-body connection is of immense importance in sexual function. David Mandell David Mandell EXPERT FURTHER READING RECOMMENDED READS #General Health How To Treat Tennis Elbow And Tips To Prevent It Naturally How To Treat Tennis Elbow And Tips To[...] by CureJoy Editorial Prevent Premature Ejaculation With Pelvic Muscles Prevent Premature Ejaculation With Pelvic[...] by David Mandell Is Circumcision Necessary And Healthy? Is Circumcision Necessary And Healthy? by Dr Janardhana Hebbar 10 Interesting Facts About Sex You Probably Did Not Know by CureJoy Editorial How Long Does It Take To Quit Smoking? How Long Does It Take To Quit Smoking? by CureJoy Editorial 7 Tips To Increase Your Sperm Count Naturally 7 Tips To Increase Your Sperm Count Naturally by CureJoy Editorial ADVERTISEMENT RELATED ARTICLES Can More Sex Make You Happier? 5 Benefits Of Cucumber For Belly Fat ADVERTISEMENT FROM AROUND THE WEB Haute Hairstyles for Women Over 40 Haute Hairstyles for Women Over 40 StyleBistro Prince George, Sister Charlotte Are Adorable at Trooping the Colour Parade Prince George, Sister Charlotte Are Adorable at Trooping the Colour Parade Us Weekly Pierce Brosnan And His Wife Show Off Their Beach Bodies Pierce Brosnan And His Wife Show Off Their Beach Bodies Us Weekly Demi Moore Lost Her Two Front Teeth to 'Stress’: PIC Demi Moore Lost Her Two Front Teeth to 'Stress’: PIC Us Weekly The British Prime Minister And George Clooney Share More Than You Might Imagine The British Prime Minister And George Clooney Share More Than You Might Imagine Mansion Global Ellen DeGeneres Sells Hollywood Hills House (Again) for $9.9 Million Ellen DeGeneres Sells Hollywood Hills House (Again) for $9.9 Million Mansion Global Top Five Articles on GenomeWeb Last Week: Common Cold, Twist Bioscience, Human Longevity, and More Top Five Articles on GenomeWeb Last Week: Common Cold, Twist Bioscience, Human Longevity, and More GenomeWeb DNA Sequencing Finds Uncommon Klebsiella Strain Circulating Among Houston Patients DNA Sequencing Finds Uncommon Klebsiella Strain Circulating Among Houston Patients GenomeWeb Recommended by MORE FROM CUREJOY.COM Which Is Healthier For Men- To Pee Standing Or Sitting? Which Is Healthier For Men- To Pee Standing Or Sitting? 7 Natural Ways To Increase Your Sperm Count 7 Natural Ways To Increase Your Sperm Count Home Remedy To Reduce Belly Fat Home Remedy To Reduce Belly Fat 8 Intense Yoga Poses For Seriously Ripped Abs 8 Intense Yoga Poses For Seriously Ripped Abs Forget Filling Cavities: Regrow Your Teeth Instead Forget Filling Cavities: Regrow Your Teeth Instead 9 Benefits Of Regular Sex 9 Benefits Of Regular Sex 10 Habits That Can Damage Your Kidneys 10 Habits That Can Damage Your Kidneys Home Remedies For Sagging Breasts Home Remedies For Sagging Breasts Recommended by

6da51766-bf5f-4c85-8471-6930a3efa66e.png 20f5dac1-7e4f-4774-88c4-a06acd500ce8.png f559dfb2-0560-49d9-aee4-7c172353cca0.png 29d801cb-464a-4b00-874d-c135b146ed25.png cef11b3f-451b-43c5-96a6-dca176d4c754.png Learn more about RevenueStripe... 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted Metabolism is our driving force. It is through metabolism that our body makes energy from food. So naturally, we believe that raising our metabolism level will burn more calories, thus losing those extra pounds. Here we help you bust the myths about enhancing your metabolism... Read More 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster We tend to resort to various weight loss methods to see quick results! Some of these methods may have a negative effect on your health... Read More Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Whether to drink water before a meal or after one is a common question that most people have. Some doctors may suggest you drink water an hour after you are done with your meal and some may suggest that you do it before eating... Read More

8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Fast CureJoy Editorial Nov 18, 2016 by CureJoy Editorial 2 Min Read 13.6k SHARES Share Pin It Tweet Zero calorie diets deprive you of healthy fats. Drugs and pills have short term impact but side effects are harmful. Take supplementation with a balanced diet and exercise. Skipping meals or purging slows down your metabolism. Excess cardio or exercise leads to more harm than good. Smoking suppresses hunger but has long term health hazards like cancer. We tend to resort to various weight loss methods to see quick results! Some of these methods may have a negative effect on your health. Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Fast 1. Zero Calorie Diet: The body needs healthy fats like unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats to burn fat. You may also tend to cut down on calories by consuming artificial sweeteners and diet drinks which can be hazardous to your health. 2. Drugs and Pills: We are tempted to try these for easy weight loss. However, they can sometimes severely damage your health. Supplements should be taken along with a balanced diet and exercise only. Read more: 4 Tips For Weight Loss Without Counting Macronutrients 3. Skipping Meals: Starving your way to weight loss is extremely unhealthy. It can slower your metabolism, cause unhealthy cravings and even make you sick. ADVERTISEMENT 4. Purging: This is where people satisfy their hunger cravings by consuming food and lose calories by throwing it up by methods like self-induced vomiting. This can have serious psychological effects on the person and can lead to bulimia. 5. Use of Laxatives: This is commonly used to stimulate digestion. Excessive use can weaken the digestive system and cause abdomen related disorders. 6. Smoking: Some people use smoking to suppress hunger. Smoking is known to interrupt brain signals, killing hunger. This is why most smokers don’t feel the effect after skipping meals. Long term use can damage the body and make it more susceptible to cancers. 7. Exercising Too Much: Excessive amount of exercise can lead to injuries. Extensive cardio is not going to help. Instead, include running, weight training and burst training in your schedule. The trick is to balance exercise and a balanced diet to lose weight the healthy way. 8. Fad Diets: The Annals of Internal Medicine reviewed popular weight loss programs and none of them really seemed to have evidence on how they help lose weight. Instead, consume a balanced diet. FURTHER READING RECOMMENDED READS #General Health 5 Easy Cardio Exercises To Do At Home 5 Easy Cardio Exercises To Do At Home by CureJoy Editorial Best Ways To Lose Calories And Burn Fat Without Cardio Best Ways To Lose Calories And Burn Fat[...] by Paul Williamson 10 Workout Tips For Middle-Aged Men 10 Workout Tips For Middle-Aged Men by Bill Ross

Avoid drinking excessively cold water with your medicines. Have lukewarm water or room-temperature water so that your digestive fire is not affected. Do not limit the total amount of water you drink on a daily basis though. Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water is important if you want to maintain your health. 6da51766-bf5f-4c85-8471-6930a3efa66e.png 20f5dac1-7e4f-4774-88c4-a06acd500ce8.png f559dfb2-0560-49d9-aee4-7c172353cca0.png 29d801cb-464a-4b00-874d-c135b146ed25.png cef11b3f-451b-43c5-96a6-dca176d4c754.png Learn more about RevenueStripe... 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted Metabolism is our driving force. It is through metabolism that our body makes energy from food. So naturally, we believe that raising our metabolism level will burn more calories, thus losing those extra pounds. Here we help you bust the myths about enhancing your metabolism... Read More 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster We tend to resort to various weight loss methods to see quick results! Some of these methods may have a negative effect on your health... Read More Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Whether to drink water before a meal or after one is a common question that most people have. Some doctors may suggest you drink water an hour after you are done with your meal and some may suggest that you do it before eating... Read More

6da51766-bf5f-4c85-8471-6930a3efa66e.png 20f5dac1-7e4f-4774-88c4-a06acd500ce8.png f559dfb2-0560-49d9-aee4-7c172353cca0.png 29d801cb-464a-4b00-874d-c135b146ed25.png cef11b3f-451b-43c5-96a6-dca176d4c754.png Learn more about RevenueStripe... 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted 8 Weight Loss Myths About Metabolism Have Now Been Busted Metabolism is our driving force. It is through metabolism that our body makes energy from food. So naturally, we believe that raising our metabolism level will burn more calories, thus losing those extra pounds. Here we help you bust the myths about enhancing your metabolism... Read More 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster 8 Unhealthy Ways To Lose Weight Faster We tend to resort to various weight loss methods to see quick results! Some of these methods may have a negative effect on your health... Read More Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda? Whether to drink water before a meal or after one is a common question that most people have. Some doctors may suggest you drink water an hour after you are done with your meal and some may suggest that you do it before eating... Read More https://www.curejoy.com/content/drink-water-pre-meal-or-post-per-ayurveda/?utm_source=MC&utm_medium=email&utm_content=Daily-Newsletter-June-26&utm_campaign=Daily-Newsletter Should You Drink Water Immediately Before Or After A Meal According To Ayurveda CureJoy EditorialJun 15, 2017 by CureJoy Editorial 960 SHARES SharePin ItTweet Whether to drink water before a meal or after one is a common question that most people have. Some doctors may suggest you drink water an hour after you are done with your meal and some may suggest that you do it before eating. But which one is correct? When should you drink water? Drinking water before or after meals has certain effects on digestion and there is an appropriate time to drink water according to Ayurveda. When Should You Drink Water According To Ayurveda? You should obviously drink water when you are thirsty. You should always quench your thirst, which is a natural urge like hunger and the urge to defecate or urinate. All these urges help maintain the circadian rhythm of your body. According to Ayurveda, the most appropriate time to drink water is during your meals. ADVERTISEMENT What Happens When You Drink Water Before Meals? When you drink water before a meal, it weakens the digestion strength, Agni. Water dilutes the digestive juices due to which the digestion strength of your body decreases. So, you should not drink water at least a few hours before a meal. Drinking water before meals also makes you feel weak according to Ayurveda. What Happens When You Drink Water After Meals? When you drink water after a meal, it not only affects your digestive strength but also affects the quality of the food you eat. Water has a cooling effect on the food you eat, regardless of the type, due to which you have higher chances of becoming obese if you drink water after meals on a regular basis. ADVERTISEMENT Why Should You Drink Water During A Meal? According to Ayurveda, it is quite beneficial to drink water during meals. The water moistens your food and helps break it down into smaller pieces. It quenches your thirst when you are eating spicy or oily food. When you drink water between your meals, it does not mean that you gulp down an entire glass of water 2 or 3 times during the course of your meal. You need to sip small water in small amounts or you will feel full and will eat less food. The water you drink during your meals should be at room temperature. Cold water makes your digestive enzymes inactive, leading to the accumulation of toxins in the body. A hiatus hernia and acid reflux can also be caused when you do so. Wait for at least half an hour when you are done eating to drink water and drink just enough to quench your thirst. You can drink as much as you want after an hour or two when your food has been digested. ADVERTISEMENT Should You Drink Water With Medicines Before Meals? Many of you may have been suggested by your doctor to take medicines before your meals. But if you should not drink water before meals, then how should you take your medicines? You should have your medicines with water at least half an hour before your meals. You need to make it a point to drink only enough water to help you swallow your medicines. Avoid drinking excessively cold water with your medicines. Have lukewarm water or room-temperature water so that your digestive fire is not affected. Do not limit the total amount of water you drink on a daily basis though. Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water is important if you want to maintain your health. FURTHER READING #Nutrition

Wednesday, June 21, 2017

Why We Overrate Life-saving Power of Cancer Tests Science Journalist Gary Taubes Weighs in on PSA Tests and Mammograms. By John Horgan on June 19, 2017

Power of Cancer Tests Science Journalist Gary Taubes Weighs in on PSA Tests and Mammograms. By John Horgan on June 19, 2017 1 Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Reddit Email Print Share via Google+ Stumble Upon Many men think positive PSA tests saved them from prostate cancer (visible in top right corner of this micrograph), but odds are greater are that they received surgery or radiation that they did not need. Credit: Nephron Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) My previous post presented data showing that the PSA test for prostate cancer harms more men than it helps. According to a recent analysis by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, you are 240-120 times more likely to be misdiagnosed as a result of a positive PSA test and 80-40 times more likely to get unnecessary surgery or radiation than you are to have your life saved. I mentioned that my physician, trying to persuade me to get the PSA test, said he knew someone whose life it had saved. Many readers also insist that the PSA test saved them or someone they know, and they dismiss the massive evidence of overdiagnosis and overtreatment as irrelevant. See for example comments on Scientific American’s Facebook page. I have gotten similar responses to my posts on mammograms. Celebrities, aided by mass media, have reinforced the public’s belief in the life-saving power of cancer tests. Actor Ben Stiller said last year on the Howard Stern Show that the PSA test “saved my life,” and ABC reporter Amy Robach asserted in 2013 that a mammogram saved her. I understand why many people adamantly reject data exposing the flaws of PSA tests and mammograms. No one wants to think they've endured surgery, radiation or chemotherapy unnecessarily. But for our broken health care system to be fixed, consumers must take a more rational approach to health. I received an email on this issue from science journalist Gary Taubes, renowned for his writings on diet, including the recent bestseller The Case Against Sugar, and other medical topics. I routinely assign my science writing students his 2007 article on the limits of epidemiology. Here are Taubes’s comments, in italics: A friend just sent me your post on the PSA test, which I thought was great. The only thing that kept nagging at me was your doctor’s statement that “he knew someone whose life had just been saved by the test.” My question is whether such a thing is possible. I don’t think there’s any way he can know that. He can know someone who had a PSA test that was positive, discovered he had prostate cancer, got treatment and is still alive, but he’ll never know if that guy might have been alive today and thriving even if he hadn’t had the PSA test and hadn’t got treated (yet). Maybe the technology is such now that they genotyped this guy’s cancer and realized it was fast-growing and virulent, and maybe they know he has a family history of early death from prostate cancer, and so your doctor can conclude with high probability that they really did catch it just in the nick of time — thank God for the PSA. But without that kind of evidence and revelation, as you note, this might have been a slow-growing thing that he could die with thirty years from now when his heart finally goes kaput in his assisted-living facility. So I wish you had asked your MD, “How do you know the test saved his life?” I thought about this considerably when I was reporting and writing on the very similar mammogram story 20-odd years ago. All the cognitive biases — the “what-you-see-is-all-there-is” effects as Daniel Kahneman would call it, or WYSIATI — work to make you think the tests are valuable. A woman gets a mammogram, learns she has a tumor, has treatment and lives. Both she and her MD naturally assume that the mammogram saved her life, although, who knows. Maybe the cancer never would have killed her. Maybe she would have been fine waiting five or ten years before she felt a lump. If the woman gets a mammogram, learns she has a tumor, has treatment, and dies anyway, both she and her MD assume that had they only gotten the mammogram earlier, she would have lived. Although, who knows, maybe her cancer was such, as oncologists now believe, that no matter when the mammogram detected it, it would have been too late. The scenario, no-mammogram->tumor->death, leads to the assumption that she should have gotten a mammogram and so been saved. The scenario no-mammogram->tumor->life leads to no conclusions one way or the other. Perhaps only in the rare instances of false negatives — negative-mammogram->actual tumor->death — will either the woman or the MD come to the conclusion that somehow the mammogram was a mistake, although even that takes a leap of the imagination that we humans are unlikely to make. After all, had she not had the mammogram, she probably (critical caveat) would have remained unaware of the tumor and it still would killed her. One of my uncles had what appears to have been a false negative on a colonoscopy. When he did finally feel symptoms of illness, he ignored them for months assuming it was nothing serious. The colon cancer then killed him. But it might have killed hm anyway and none of us — even me — assumed the colonoscopy was somehow a mistake. And we don’t know for sure he had the cancer when he had the colonoscopy. So once you create the screening technology and make it available, these WYSIATI assumptions will then work to convince everyone closely involved with its use, both patients and doctors, that it is beneficial, even if it’s ultimately doing far more harm than good. Or so I think. Am I right? The question is always, Is there a way to determine that such a screening test — PSA, mammogram, colonoscopy, whatever — actually saved a life in an anecdotal situation? Or is it always an assumption based on the chain of events — screening-> tumor -> successful treatment, and no-screening -> tumor -> death and the variations? Are clinical trials always necessary, and even then the answer will always be a probability? My conflict of interest statement: I haven’t had a PSA test of any kind other then the digital rectal method in check-ups in the distant past. My wife is still in her forties and had her first mammogram a few years ago. As I remember it (always an important caveat), it was “irregular”, or some such terminology, thus prompting her physician to ask her to return for a follow-up, which was not irregular. Now her physician suggested she should return for another follow-up in six months to assure no irregularities return, as her physician now seemed to think (all too naturally if completely due to cognitive bias) that my wife is somehow at higher risk. And the physician’s belief that this could be the case could easily infect my wife, making her also think she's at higher risk, thus bestowing a lifetime anxiety. I like to think I function an immune system against such unfounded worries, but I’m certainly not an effective one. And so it goes. When the first irregular mammogram came in, I asked some of my female friends whether they had false positives with mammograms, thus prompting anxieties and follow-ups. Five of five said yes and told me their stories. I recognize that, should my life be ended prematurely by any cancer, it will be assumed that my attitude toward these tests was assuredly responsible. In other words, if only I had gotten _______ test, I’d still be alive. And it could be true, but there’s no way to tell. (If the killer is a heart attack, it will be blamed on my diet.) Further Reading: Why I Won't Get a PSA Test for Prostate Cancer Meta-Post: John Horgan Posts on Cancer The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of Scientific American. Rights & Permissions ADVERTISEMENT | REPORT AD ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S) John Horgan John Horgan directs the Center for Science Writings at the Stevens Institute of Technology. His books include The End of Science and The Undiscovered Mind. This article is adapted from his Scientific American blog Cross-Check. Recent Articles Why I Won't Get a PSA Test for Prostate Cancer How Quarks Turned into Cultures Second Thoughts: Did Thomas Kuhn Help Elect Donald Trump? 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